Cholesterol is a wax-like substance found in the blood. The body needs some cholesterol to build cells and make certain hormones, but high levels of some cholesterol types may increase health risk over time.
LDL cholesterol is often called “bad cholesterol” because higher levels may contribute to plaque buildup inside arteries. This can affect blood flow and may increase cardiovascular risk.
HDL cholesterol is often called “good cholesterol” because it helps carry excess cholesterol away from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides are another type of fat in the blood. They may rise with excess calories, low activity, diabetes risk, or some lifestyle patterns.
A cholesterol result should not be judged from one number alone. It is best understood with other factors such as age, blood pressure, diabetes risk, smoking, family history, weight, medications, and the clinician’s assessment.
Useful questions to ask your clinician may include: Which number is most important in my result? Do I need lifestyle changes, medication, or repeat testing? How often should I monitor my cholesterol?